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[17] Robot Controllers

[17.1] What is the Miniboard?
[17.2] What is the F1 Board?
[17.3] What is the Bot Board?
[17.4] What is the Handyboard?
[17.5] Other Controllers

This section describes both industrial robot controllers and small inexpensive single board controllers. A few companies are now specializing in robot controllers. They can be used to upgrade controllers for older robots or provide greater flexibility or better fit with existing computing environments.


A variety of small and inexpensive controller boards for robotics have developed by a number of groups. These boards are becoming widely used and a number of discussions on the robotics bboards center around the design, use and programming of these controllers.

Several including the Miniboard, F1 board and Bot board are listed here. Many small micro-controller boards are available from different companies. A small micro-processor, some memory and I/O can all be had for $40-$100 dollars (US).


Cimetrix, Inc.

2222 South 950 East
Provo, UT 84606
tel: 801.344.7000
fax: 801.344.7077
net: http://www.cimetrix.com/
Cemetrix is a manufacturer of PC-based real-time open-architecture robot controllers. Their software architecture allows a user to select kinematics for virtually every commercial robot ever manufactured, as well as write your own kinematic solution.

Application programming is done in C or with a "non-programmers language" automated programming environment called CIMBuilder. They are on the verge of releasing a WindowsNT product that will allow programming in Visual C++ too. Their client/server architecture allows the application program to be run on either a control server or simulation server. So you can develop your code offline with a graphical simulation concurrent to your workcell hardware development. This can save weeks in project timelines.

They currently have a turn-key hardware solution for many commercial robots including the PUMA 762.


Robotic Systems

1102 West Glen River Road
Glendale, Wisconsin 53217
tel: 414.821.7675
fax: 414.963.4825
url: http://www.robotic.com
Clint Laskowski, President
net: clint@robotic.com
Robotic Systems offers other parts and kits including the Miniboard, 6.270 board, Handyboard, Rug Warrior board, and a wide selection of motors, batteries, sensors and software for building robots:

Zorin

Zorin
PO Box 30547
Seattle, WA 98103
tel: 206.282.6061
fax: 206.282.9579
Contact: Christopher Nielsen
net: chris@zorinco.com
Zorin products includes HC11-based boards, programming software and servo motors. They also supply power supplies and cases for professional looking projects. They are also adding peripherals and other products as well. Visa and MC now accepted.

ModCon Microcontrollers

Zorin's HC11 board products give you everything you need to start programming and using the HC11. The Buffalo monitor has built in features for assembling, listing, setting break points and single stepping your HC11 program. They include an edited version of the Buffalo Manual on the diskette included with our kits.

The ModCon includes 32K RAM, HC11E9 with Buffalo monitor & RS-232 and is also available in minimal versions and as kits with a variety of accessories available.

The Zorin kits make it easy to create many types of computer controlled applications. You can get optional servo motors to create walking machines, robotic arms, animated art and more! Program the on-chip memory from any computer or terminal using the Buffalo monitor, or use the PC software included with the kit. The assembly manuals includes example code to operate the servo motors.


[17.1] What is the Miniboard?

The Mini Board is an outgrowth of the MIT 6.270 robot course and design project. It is a small and inexpensive design for a controller board based on the ubiquitous (yet sometimes hard to find) 68HC11 micro-controller.

The Mini Board 2.1 Extended is the latest version of the Mini Board. It is based on the Mini Board 2.0 Extended (see file pub/projects/miniboard/docs/mbextend.txt ), and includes the following new features:

Download the file pub/projects/miniboard/docs/mb21ext.PS.Z to see the silkscreen of the new board.

The MINI BOARD 2.1 is a complete embedded computer board for robotic applications. It can directly power four DC motors and receive inputs from numerous sensors. Its miniature size (smaller than a business card) makes it suited well for mobile applications as well as other embedded control.

It can be programmed in 6811 assembler code or C for stand-alone operation, or it can serve as a serial-line based controller operated by a desktop computer.

  • overall dimensions: 84mm by 47mm, smaller than a business card. If desired, an off-board serial connector can be used, allowing an additional 15mm of board length can be chopped off.
  • nearly all parts can be purchased from Digikey (including all connectors and switches). Extensive use of resistor packs minimizes component count.
  • uses Motorola 68hc811e2 microprocessor with 2048 bytes of internal, electrically erasable PROM and 256 bytes of RAM.
  • four motor drivers for bidirectional control of small DC motors (up to 600 mA current, 36 volts each motor).
  • eight analog inputs; eight digital inputs or outputs; several timer and counter I/O pins, all broken out to convenient header ports.
  • on-board 5v regulator allows board to be powered by any DC power source from 5.6 to 36 volts.
  • RS-232 compatible RJ-11 port for communication/program download between host computer.
  • two modular high speed serial jacks, allowing networks of multiple MB 2.0's to be constructed using common 4-wire phone cable. Multiple-mastering bus protocols supported.
  • optional battery level monitoring using voltage divider from supply voltage before regulation.
  • XIRQ line broken out to a pad: when this line is given 12.5v, an 'hc711e9 chip with 12K of EPROM can be programmed in place.
  • MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Unix software provided for downloading programs to board. 6811 monitor program provided for recording changes in sensor state, controlling motors and interacting with other board features over serial line.
  • C/assembler libraries provided for code development using Dunfield Development Systems' Micro-C compiler, and ImageCraft's freeware icc11 C compiler. A fifty-page manual describing how to build and operate the Mini Board is on-line on the FTP server: ftp://cherupakha.media.mit.edu/pub/projects/miniboard/docs

    People who don't have access to anonymous FTP can do FTP-by-mail, provided as a public service by DEC. Send a message containing the single word "help" to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com for instructions.

    Hard copies of the Mini Board manual may be ordered by sending a check payable for U.S. $5 to "MIT Epistemology and Learning" at:

    Epistemology and Learning Publications
    MIT Media Laboratory
    20 Ames Street
    E15-301, Cambridge MA 02139.

    There is now a mailing list for discussing the board. The purpose of the mailing list is to discuss robot controller boards, and robot control in general. In particular, the list will be used to support the Mini Board 2.0 and 6.270 board design by Fred Martin and Randy Sargent of MIT. However, any and all traffic related to robot controllers is welcome.

    Administrative address: listserv@oberon.com

    (send a message containing the word "help" for directions) Mailing list address: robot-board@oberon.com
    Maintainer: gkulosa@oberon.com

    Please DO NOT send administrative things to the main mailing list address, as then everyone will get annoyed.

    Douglas Electronics, Inc.
    2777 Alvarado Street
    San Leandro, California 94577 USA
    tel: 510.483.8770
    bbs: 510.483.6548
    fax: 510.483.6453
    net: info@douglas.com Douglas Electronics has been a manufacturer of prototyping "breadboards" for over 40 years, and we also manufacture hundreds of custom order printed circuit designs every month for people using our Macintosh-based CAD/CAM software. One such user of our software is Fred Martin, of MIT, who is the designer of the MiniBoard. We have had several requests from people wanting a few MiniBoards of their own over the years, so we figured we might as well stock them if we could. Douglas Electronics, a Macintosh PCB CAD software house and a commercial PCB fab facility, is a distributor of blank Mini Board PCBs. [Thanks to Bill Schuler@douglas.com]

    Pricing for the new mini-board is as follows:

    1 board only ................. $ 10.00
    2 to 9 boards ................ 7.50 ea.
    10 to 50 boards .............. 6.25 ea.
    50 and over .................. 5.00 ea.
    Shipping is specified by and paid by the customer, and California residents are subject to state sales tax. These are bare boards only (we don't sell assembled units or kits) but all of the parts you need to populate the MiniBoard should be available from common parts suppliers such as Digi-Key, Newark, etc. and a silkscreened legend on the board helps you put everything where it belongs. Douglas accepts all major credit cards. There is also a dollar volume discount on Douglas' breadboard products, that applies over and above the per-board quantity discounts, as follows:
    $500 5%
    $1000 10%
    $2500 15%
    $5000 20%
    For more info see: ftp://cherupakha.media.mit.edu/pub/miniboard/douglas.txt

    Three individuals are independent suppliers of the Mini Board:


    [17.2] What is the F1 Board?

    A PCB board set designed around the 68HC11f1 microprocessor, which I have made available as a non-profit enterprise to all you folks on the net. To help those of you in the US, Daniel Mauch of the Seattle Robotics Society agreed to act as a distributor.

    Well, my first shipment of these PCB's to Daniel lasted about a week, I didn't realise they were going to be so popular! He has now received the second shipment from me, so if anyone is interested in these boards please Email Daniel at dmauch@seanews.akita.com

    'F1 Board:
    Size:
    118 x 80 mm (4.6" x 3.2")
    Connectors:
    Power 6.5 - 35vdc (or 5vdc if you jumper the 7805 socket)
    RS485 serial communications
    RS232 serial communications
    SPI interface (Same as Miniboard connectors but Master/Slave switchable)
    8 Analog inputs
    Port A connector
    Control bus connector for additional boards
    Configuration: 32K Ram memory 32K EPROM (or another 32K Ram - switch select) MODA and MODB jumpers Analog Vrh and Vrl jumper to +5 and 0v or user selectable
    Motor Board:
    Size
    107 x 59 mm ( 4.2" x 2.3")
    Connectors:
    8 Digital inputs
    8 Digital outputs
    4 x DC motors
    2 x Stepper motors (less than 1.5 Amps each)
    2 x R/C servo motors
    Configuration:
    5 x base address selections (allows for multiple boards to be used)
    Stepper / Servo switch selectable
    Separate power supply for DC and Stepper motors.
    Cost:
    F1 board $17
    Motor board $13
    EPROM (w/Buffalo) $11
    Postage $5
    This board was designed primarily for embedded control and small robotics applications, and as such it is as versatile as I could get it. For more details there is complete documentation (in postscript format) in the file
    f1v11doc.zip at mit. A number of other F1 related files are available in the same directory.

    Pete Dunster
    Dept. of Mech. Eng.
    University of Wollongong
    Northfields Ave
    Wollongong
    N.S.W. 2522 AUSTRALIA
    tel: +61-42-213597
    fax: +61-42-213101
    net: p.dunster@uow.edu.au

    [17.3] What is the Bot Board?

    The BOTBoard is a single chip microcomputer board designed for general use, and robotics applications. The BOTBoard uses the popular 68HC11 microcontroller in a minimum configuration, and is easily programmed from your PC. Engineered to be small, the BOTBoard is also powerful and flexible. Each BOTBoard is 5cm X 7.5cm with a 2.5cmx5cm prototyping area.

    Special BOTBoard Features:

    • Four R/C Servo Ports.
    • Auto start jumper.
    • Reset Switch and low voltage circuitry.
    • 2.5cm X 5cm proto-typing area, with power bus strips.
    • Easy to use Networking Port (SPI). With Master/Slave selection.
    • Powered RS232 Port (TTL level) for serial communication.
    • Pull up resistors on IRQ and XIRQ.
    • All I/O pins on .100 (2.54mm) grid headers.
    • Single sided circuit board design.
    • Uses either the MC68HC11 or MC68HC811 .
    • Mounting holes that can be used for stacking.
    • Power supply connector.
    The BOTBoard is a bare circuit board that was designed to give the most amount of flexibility for the least cost. The BOTBoard manual contains parts list, building instructions, ordering information, schematics, and application notes. You can assemble the BOTBoard in less than a half hour, with a total cost of parts being about $20.

    BOTBoard = $5.95 each or three for $15.
    Shipping = $1.25 plus .25 for each board.
    Marvin Green
    821 SW 14th
    Troutdale, OR 97060
    tel: 503.666.5907 Zorin, see above in Controllers, still sells the BOTboard but will discontinue the item in favor of their new ModCon product.

    [17.4] What is the Handyboard?

    The Media Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announces the Handy Board, a new microcontroller board ideal for experimental and educational robotics projects. The Handy Board features the Motorola 68HC11 CPU with 32K of battery-backed RAM, a 16x2 character LCD screen, four DC motor outputs, sixteen powered sensor inputs, infrared I/O, and a built-in rechargeable battery, all in a convenient hand-held size. The Handy Board runs Interactive C, a multi-tasking development system for MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Unix host computers.
    News release

    The Handy Board is the latest in a series of boards released under MIT's free licensing policy, in which the printed circuit board artwork, schematics, and driver software may be freely licensed for personal, educational, and commercial use. Past designs disseminated under this policy include the 6.270 Robot Controller System and the Mini Board.

    Handy Board kits and assembled systems are distributed by Gleason Research (gleason@tiac.net, 617-641-2551), CW Technology (cwtech@infinet.com, 800-547-7479), and Digital Micro Systems (dutta.4@osu.edu, 614-299-2566). Blank printed circuit boards are sold by Douglas Electronics (info@douglas.com, 510-483-8770).

    Fred Martin, a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Media Laboratory, is the creator of the Handy Board. Dr. Martin is presently writing a textbook for an undergraduate engineering course based on mobile robotics project work. The text (working title, The Art of Engineering by Robotics) will make extensive use of the Handy Board, and is scheduled for publication in late 1996 by Addison-Wesley.

    For more information, contact one of the distributors, or see the Handy Board home page on the World-Wide Web: http://el.www.media.mit.edu/groups/el/projects/handy-board

    [17.5] Other Robot Controllers

    Jerry Burton

    Jerry Burton offers a number of boards including controller boards, controllers boards, and I/O boards: